Sexuality is a fundamental and lifelong aspect of human existence, profoundly influencing quality of life, psychological well-being, and interpersonal relationships. This article provides internal medicine specialists with a comprehensive overview of sexual health in both men and women, emphasising its intricate biopsychosocial nature and the multifaceted factors that can lead to dysfunction. We explore the biological, psychological, cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions of sexuality, discussing common dysfunctions such as erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorders in men, and desire, arousal, and orgasmic disorders in women. The impact of various medical conditions and pharmacotherapy on sexual function is also examined. The article advocates for a holistic, “amalgamated” therapeutic strategy, integrating medical, psychological, and lifestyle interventions. It highlights the crucial role of physicians in initiating open conversations, conducting thorough evaluations, and delivering empathetic care for sexual health concerns, thereby promoting overall patient well-being.